A critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-2687) has been discovered in PHPGurukul eLearning System 1.0, affecting its Image Handler component. This flaw allows remote attackers to upload arbitrary files, potentially leading to system compromise. With a CVSS score of 9.8 and public exploits available, organizations are urged to implement mitigation measures immediately.
Vulnerability Details
The vulnerability resides in the Image Handler component of PHPGurukul eLearning System 1.0, specifically through the /user/index.php endpoint. Attackers can bypass file upload restrictions, enabling them to upload malicious files to the server.
Technical analysis reveals the vulnerability is classified under two CWE categories:
- CWE-284: Improper Access Control
- CWE-434: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) has assigned the following CVSS metrics:
| CVSS Version | Base Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|
| v3.1 | 9.8 (Critical) | AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| v4.0 | 5.3 (Medium) | CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N |
Exploitation and Impact
This vulnerability can be exploited remotely without requiring user interaction or elevated privileges. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to:
- Upload malicious files (e.g., web shells)
- Execute arbitrary code on the server
- Compromise the hosting environment
- Gain persistent access to affected systems
Public proof-of-concept exploits have been published on GitHub, increasing the likelihood of widespread exploitation.
Affected Products
The vulnerability specifically affects:
| Vendor | Product | Version | Component |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHPGurukul | eLearning System | 1.0 | Image Handler (/user/index.php) |
Detection and Mitigation
While no official patch is currently available, organizations can implement these mitigation strategies:
Immediate Actions:
- Restrict access to
/user/index.php - Implement strict file type validation for uploads
- Set upload directories to non-executable
Network Controls:
- Monitor for unusual file upload activity
- Implement WAF rules to block malicious upload patterns
System Hardening:
- Apply principle of least privilege to web server accounts
- Disable unnecessary file upload functionality if not required
Conclusion
CVE-2025-2687 represents a significant risk to organizations using PHPGurukul eLearning System 1.0. The combination of critical severity, remote exploitability, and public proof-of-concept code creates a potent threat landscape. Organizations should treat this vulnerability as high priority and implement defensive measures immediately.
