A critical command injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-2728) affecting H3C Magic NX30 Pro and NX400 routers has been identified, posing significant risks to enterprise networks. Rated 8.8 (HIGH) on the CVSS scale, this flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands through an exposed API endpoint. Security teams should immediately assess their infrastructure for affected devices while awaiting vendor patches.
Technical Analysis of the Vulnerability
The vulnerability resides in the /api/wizard/getNetworkConf component of affected H3C router firmware versions up to V100R014. Attackers can craft malicious HTTP requests containing shell commands that the system executes with elevated privileges. This represents a classic command injection flaw (CWE-77) where improper neutralization of special elements leads to arbitrary command execution.
Multiple independent sources have confirmed the vulnerability’s impact, with the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) listing it as network-exploitable with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. While some reports suggest low-privileged access may be sufficient for exploitation, the most dangerous attack scenarios involve unauthenticated remote code execution.
Affected Products and Firmware Versions
The following H3C router models running vulnerable firmware are confirmed to be at risk:
| Product Series | Vulnerable Firmware Versions | Vulnerable Endpoint |
|---|---|---|
| Magic NX30 Pro | ≤ V100R014 | /api/wizard/getNetworkConf |
| Magic NX400 | ≤ V100R014 | /api/wizard/getNetworkConf |
Security researchers have noted related vulnerabilities (CVE-2025-2730, CVE-2025-2732) that suggest this may be part of a broader pattern affecting additional H3C models. Organizations using any H3C networking equipment should monitor for additional advisories.
Potential Impact and Risk Assessment
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow attackers to gain complete control over affected routers, potentially leading to network compromise, data interception, or lateral movement into protected segments. The combination of remote exploitability and high impact makes this vulnerability particularly concerning for enterprises using these devices as perimeter security components.
The vulnerability’s CVSS score of 8.8 reflects its network-based attack vector, low attack complexity, and high impact across all security objectives. Security teams should prioritize this vulnerability given the critical role routers play in network infrastructure and the absence of available patches at time of disclosure.
Detection and Mitigation Strategies
While awaiting official patches from H3C, organizations should implement the following compensatory controls:
- Restrict network access to router administrative interfaces using firewall rules
- Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to block suspicious patterns in
/api/wizard/requests - Monitor for unusual HTTP POST requests to router API endpoints
- Disable the wizard functionality if not operationally required
Security operations teams should enhance logging for API endpoint access and monitor for unexpected child processes spawned from router services. Connections to suspicious external IPs originating from router infrastructure should be investigated as potential indicators of compromise.
Broader Security Implications
This vulnerability highlights systemic challenges in IoT and network device security, particularly around proper input validation in API endpoints. The pattern of similar vulnerabilities across H3C products suggests organizations should conduct comprehensive security reviews of all H3C network equipment in their environments.
For security teams, this disclosure serves as a reminder of the importance of:
- Maintaining current inventories of network infrastructure
- Implementing network segmentation for IoT devices
- Monitoring for firmware updates on all network equipment
- Developing incident response playbooks for network device compromises
Vendor Response and Timeline
H3C was notified of this vulnerability through standard disclosure channels but has not yet provided an official response or patch timeline. The lack of vendor acknowledgment increases the risk profile, as organizations have no clear remediation timeline. Security teams should plan for extended vulnerability exposure when developing mitigation strategies.
This situation underscores the importance of having contingency plans for critical vulnerabilities in vendor products. Organizations relying on affected H3C routers should evaluate backup solutions or alternative security controls that can compensate for the vulnerability until official patches become available.
